A detail of a page from Johannes Trithemius, Polygraphiae libri sex , 1518, exercises in cypher alphabets in the first published study of encrypting information.

Blaise de Vigenere, Traicté des chiffres , Paris 1586 . Here the message is hidden among the stars and is decoded with a shared text.

Giovanni Della Porta, De Furtivis Literarum Notis Vulgo published by the great esoteric in 1591.

a figure from John Wilkins' Mercury, or, The secret and swift Messanger; shewing how a man may with Privacy and Speed communicate his Thoughts to a Friend at any distance , London 1641, and a comprehensive account as to how messages may be concealed in words, music, and here geometry.
 

 

SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURY CYPHERS (Thompson and Padover)

Johannes Trithemius, Polygraphie, Paris 1561(with moving part)

KEN magazine 1938, codes on bald heads and musical notation