THEORIES OF CROWD BEHAVIOUR
early works
Everett Dean Martin, The Behaviour of Crowds,
A Psychological Study, Norton, New York, 1920.
Foreword. The Crowd and the Social Problem of
To-day. How Crowds are Formed. The Crowds and the Unconscious.
The Egoism of the Crowd-Mind. The Crowd a Creature of Hate. The
Absolutism of the Crowd-Mind. The Psychology of Revolutionary
Crowds. The Fruits of Revolution - new Crowd-Tyrannies from Old.
Freedom and Government by Crowds. Education as a Possible Cure
for Crowd-Thinking.
Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd A Study of the Popular
Mind, Benn, London 1947, 19th ed., [1896 first UK translation].
Sir Martin Conway , The Crowd in Peace and War,
Longman's Green, London 1915.
Kinds of Crowds. The Nature of Crowds. Crowd-Units.
Crowd Continuity. Crowd-Instincts. Crowd-Compellers. Crowd exponents.
Crowd-Representatives. Crowd-Organisation. Government and the
Crowd. Liberty and Freedom. Education. Morals. Religion. Overcrowds.
War:Its Cause and Cure. The Contest of Ideals. The Crowd at War.
The Value of the Crowd. The Just Mean.
Ortega y Gasset, The Revolt of the Masses Unwin
Books London 1961 [1930 Spanish 1st],
The Coming of the Masses. The Rise of the Historic
Level. The Height of the Times. The Increase of life. A Statistical
Fact. The Dissection of the Mass Man begins. Noble Life and Common
Life, or Effort and Inertia. Why the Masses Intervene in Everything,
and why their Intervention is Solely by Violence. The Primitive
and the Technical. Primitivism and History. The Self-Satisfied
Age. The Barbarism of 'Specialisation'. The Greatest Danger -
the State. Who Rules in the World ? We arrive at the Real Question.
Charles Mackay, Extraordinary Popular Delusions
and the Madness of Crowds, Richard Bentley, London, first edition
1841, and 2nd 1852 [reprint Harmony New York 1980]
George Craik, Sketches of Popular Tumults, 1837, sample pages
W.Trotter , Instincts of the Herd in Peace and
War Fisher Unwin, London 1916, sixth impression by 1921.
Rene Fulop-Muller, Leaders, Dreamers and Rebels,
An Account of the Great Mass-Movements of History and of the Wish-Dreams
that Inspired them, The Viking Press, New York 1935.Translated
from the German by Eden and Cedar Paul.
See particularly The Birth of the Masses, pp348
ff. Good illustrations of crowds.
A Gentleman with a Duster, The Howling Mob, An
Indictment of Democracy, Mills and Boon, London 1927, and
an angry series of windy blasts from the Elderly Colonel type just
after the end of the General Strike in England - an appeal against
democracy as being incompatible with civilisation..
A Gentleman... also wrote The Conservative Mind and The
Mirrors of Downing Street.
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Wyndham Lewis and Vorticism
W.C.Wees, Vorticism and the English Avant-Garde,
Manchester Univ.Press 1972
Richard Cork,Vorticism and Abstract Art in the
First Machine Age, Gordon Fraser London 1976(2 vols)
Jeffrey Myers, The Enemy, a Biography of Wyndham
Lewis, RKP London, 1980
exhib.catal., Wyndham Lewis National Book
League, London 1971.
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THE HERO
Lord Raglan, The Hero, A Study of
Tradition, Myth and Drama, Methuen, London, 1936.
Thomas Carlyle, On Heroes, Hero Worship,
and the Heroic in History, Chelsea House, New York, 1983, [ lectures
given in 1840] addressing the crowd
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GROUPS
Josephine Klein, The Study of Groups, Routledge
and Kegan Paul, London, 1969 [1956]
The Performance of Tasks in Groups. Differentiation
in the Group. The Spread of Information. The Need for Organisation.
The Evolution of Norms. The Evolution of Likes and dislikes. Sentiment
in the Group - the expressive dimension. Communication as Adaptive
Behaviour. Decision-making as Instrumental behaviour: The Dimension
of Control.The Self-Defeating Process : Latent Pattern Maintenance.
leading the crowd
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CROWDS AND THE EVENT
George Rude, The Crowd in the French Revolution,Clarendon
Press, Oxford, 1999.
Paris on the Eve of the revolution. The Revolutionary
Crowd in action. (Prelude to Revolution. July 1798. The March to
Versailles. The Massacre of the Champ de Mars. The Fall of the Monarchy.
The Triumph of the Mountain. Thermidor. Germinal-Prairial. Vendemaire).
The Anatomy of the revolutionary Crowd (The Composition of revolutionary
crowds 1787 - 1795. The Motives of revolutionary Crowds. The Generation
of Revolutionary Activity. The 'Revolutionary Crowd' in History.
APPENDIXES. see The Revolutionary Calendar.
Christopher Hibbert, King Mob, The Story of Lord
George Gordon and the Riots of 1780, Longman's Green, London 1958.
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CROWDS AND THE CITY
Walter Benjamin, ARCADES, Harvard Univ.Press,
Cambridge, 1999.
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ORATORY
Edgar R.Jones, The Art of the Orator, Edgar
R,Jones, Esq., with a foreword by Lloyd George, Adam and Charles Black,
London, 1912.
Introductory. The Problem. Chapter III. The Scientific
Basis. Presentation. Association. Attention. Memory. Imagination,
Judgment and Belief. To Move the Passions. The Influence the Will.
Chapter IV LOGIC. Chapter V Clearness. Strength. Figures of Speech.
Chapter VI Types of Audience.
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RECENT STUDIES
John Carey, The Intellectuals and the Masses,
Faber and Faber, London 1992
THEMES
The revolt of the Masses
Rewriting the Masses
The Suburbs and the Clerks
Natural Aristocrats
CASE STUDIES
George Gissing and the Ineducable Masses
H.G.Wells Getting Rid of People
H.G.Wells against H.G.Wells
Narrowing the Abyss: Arnold bennett
Wyndham Lewis and Hitler
Wyndham Lewis and the Fenminisation of the West
Adolf Hitler's Intellectual programme
Stanley Cohen, FOLK DEVILS & MORAL PANICS The Creation
of the Mods and Rockers, Paladin London 1973.
Bruce Mazlish , The Leader, the Led and the Psyche,
Essays in Psychohistory Wesleyan University Press, Hanover and
London, 1990.
Mark Harrison, Crowds and History. Mass Phenomena
in English Towns 1790 - 1835, Cambridge University Press, 1988
David Reisman with Nathan Glazer and Reuel Denney,
The Lonely Crowd, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1950.
Elias Canetti , Crowds and Power,
Gollancz London 1962 [1960].
The Crowd. The Pack. The Pack and
religion. The Crowd in History. The Entrails of Power. The Survivor.
Elements of Power. The Command. Transformation. Aspects of Power.
Rulers and Paranoiacs. Epilogue. Bibliog.
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ASPECTS OF CONTROL
I.P.Pavlov, Conditioned Reflexes Dover, New
York, 1960 [1927 Oxford University Press]
lectures given in 1926 in St.Petersburg on reflexes
and inhibitions, a final section on what we learn from experimenting
with animals can be applied to human beings.
Barry Schwartz, Queuing and Waiting,Studies in the
Social Organisation of Access and Delay,University of Chicago Press,
Chicago 1975, maintains it is the first book length study of the subject,
Part 1 Sources of delay
Part 2 Priorities in Client Processing
Part 3 The Meaning of Waiting
Part 4, Social Functions of Waiting
excellent bibliography including Waiting for Godot
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LITERARY EXERCISES
G.K.Chesterton, The Napoleon of Notting Hill
Lane London 1904
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